Impact of Language Software on Language Learning

Impact of Language Software on Language Learning Chapter one Introduction Overview In todays world, using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its influence on various aspects of human life, have caused great development on in society and human relations, which is referred to as the information revolution. The increasing development of Information Technology (IT) in human life especially in educational environment and the its use of it have led to a new era in human life that can be called the intelligence community[E1]. Living in such a society that is progressing every day requires people who canto adapt themselves with such progression. The first step in this regard is the issue of how to make optimal use of ICT applications in general education curriculum. Because of the arrival of technology in human life, all individuals, institutions and systems in countries should be prepared for a variety of changes that are vital to progression. To be specific in education, it is not more than some decades which Educational Technology (ET) started to appear in educational system around the world. Nowadays neither students nor instructors can be regarded as the traditional ones who had simple facilities available. According to Thorne and Reinhardt (2008), â€Å"emerging literacies associated with digital media are highly relevant to their current and future lives as language users† (p. 560). Before considering the application of ET with its new concept, instructors and teachers supplied audiovisual products to improve the result of their teaching and learning materials in education. However, recent developments in the computer industry and information, multi-media, communication technologies and the[E2] emergence of local and regional inf ormation networks especially the internet put new methods and tools for designers, managers, executives, and curriculum trainers.Plenty of technologies and tools in learning and teaching process such as educational software, Personal Data Assistance (PDA), mobile and etc. requires the instructors to lead their learners toward using technology in their life at least their education. According to Bruce and Hogan (1998), â€Å"As technologies embed themselves in everyday discourse and activity, a curious thing happens. The more we look, the more they slip into the background. Despite our attention, we lose sight of the way they shape our daily lives† (p. 270). As technology becomes the normal and expected means of communication and education, Bruce and Hogan (1998) point out, important changes occur in expectations about the abilities students have to acquire to be successful language users. The interaction between instructors and learners should be so close in order to get a good and reasonable result. The more teachers update and are familiar with new technologies in teaching, the more knowledgeable and update students will be. In general, the influence of new information technologies in educational institutions (from schools to higher education) and even homes has changed the relationship between student and teacher. Thus, traditional learning paradigms are changed and users are faced with vast amounts of information and knowledge. Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) It is obvious that in these days everybody, especially school and university students, tends to use computer in their daily activities specially explosion of interest in using computers for language teaching and learning which is an interest of both language instructors and language learners. The development of CALL brought about a revolution in teaching process, as the teaching tools offered through CALL were gradually becoming more reliable. Today CALL has popularity in education specially in learning a foreign language so that language learners support it and use it as an essential part of their language learning process. However, applying CALL in teaching and learning has some weaknesses. Nowadays both English language teachers and English learners are tend to utilize computer in their methods especially its very important for English instructors to use CALL because English course book of secondary school changed from the current educational year that CALL is one of important part of it. Schools and their school districts would benefit from a the current program that assesses the English teachers’ use of technology and readiness for use of technology in their classroom, as well as their ability to utilize technology in an engaging and meaningful way for the English learners specific to their content area. One such example is the Teacher Education and Technology Planning Guide created by Learning Point Associates in November of 2004. It looks at eight key categories for the implementation of technology by pre-service teachers and colleges of education (Fulton, Glenn Valdez, 2004). Statement of the problem Informatics and computer-based communication have created a collection that originated arevolution thatis based on information industry: a revolution that itswhose focus is on accessing information, that is, searching and retrieval of information in limited time with a reasonable cost. Ultimately, it results in creating global village and the information society.In this regard, a related terminology Information Technology (IT)would be mentioned that is a key point in the revolution. According to Wikipedia, free encyclopedia, IT is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. As its name indicates, in such society each organization and its staffs should be inform of what are going on in the world around and should possess the technology and be able to apply it to get such information. To remain in such society, change is essential, so as a result every organizatio n changed. Education in general and teaching English in particular is one of the many fields thathas been affected by IT and changed. At present, any society needs educated people who have the power of decision-making, people who should be able to act and communicate based on their abilities in a world of widely changing. It means knowledgeable people who are flexible and can adopt themselves to any conditions in their job that are dealing with IT. In addition, each society needs teachers who are able to apply technology in their classes.Regarding to development of technology in human life and man’s move toward technology, teachers need to adapt themselves with technology, too. To get a good and acceptable result of instruction at the end of semesters, English teachers need to update themselves by using CALL. The goal of all language teachers is to teach their students in a way that the students acquire language component and language skills. For vocabulary learning, teachers have applied and employed so many methods and ways such as; memorizing long lists of words, translating texts, making sentences with new words, and so many other ways that are known for the experts in language teaching. In Iran, English teachers have been trying several methods to teach their students English but despite great effort in teaching, they probably have not achieved success.Nowadays there are great amounts of high school students and even university students who cannot use English even a simple introduction while they past at least seven years of English instruction in guidance and high school.English language teaching experts have different beliefs about it. One of the main problems may be if for the purpose of the books that are not communicative based. [E3]In both guidance schools and high schools, English teachers require the students to memorize long list of vocabulary that were at the end of each lessons. Although the words were retained, it was not last for long time. The other main reason may be is its way of teaching grammar. English teachers teach grammar like mathematics. It means first they wrote a formula on the board and then wrote some examples and wanted the students to d o following examples that were on their books. Usually the grammar applied on the lesson reading text but it was not clear enough to make the students understand. There were so many problems that the bottom line was failing to learn English language well. After some years of graduating their high school and nowadays during the school, the students who are poor in learning English language referred to English language institutes to start to learn it better and also in a new method. Experience has shown that the students who participate in English institutes learn and apply English better than those who do not participate in such classes. Unlike schools, the way of teaching English in English institutes are totally different. First, the book which are taught in English institutes are completely different from school. Although there are different kinds of books, all of them are designed with the aim of communication and all of them are following same goal.The books which are using in English institutes are include: Happy House, Happy writing, Potato pals, Pocketsand some others for kids and beginning in starter levels.Let’s go, First friend, Family and friends which are usually forjunior levels and intermediate levels.Interchange, Touchstone, Top notch, Summit, American English file and English resultthatis usually for senior levels adult learning. It should be mentionthat all of the series have different stages.Regardless of the variety of books, in English institutes students are expected to be able to communicate at the end of each semester according to the level of the related book. The remarkable thing in such book is that these books have given considerable attention on learning words with different ways and in some casesfor better understanding of a word, presents a word with its pictures. In all kinds of books, they used kind of CALL. In most of the books, especially for kids, the publisher provides additional software according to the book for better understand of the contents. For kids, it provides some moving pictures and famous cartoon characters to teach them English alphabet or some simple words like dog, cat, ant etc. For junior, intermediate, upper intermediate and senior levels the publisher usually provide demo of the book and additional tests. Even some publishers enlist some English software and attach the software to the book. These publishersmight be believe that such technology is more attractive for language learners and it help to sell their product more. Recently, English teachers have tried to incorporate technology and the old methods of teaching English that have taught in schools, which usually was based on grammar translation method (GTM). As the researcher is going to do his research on vocabulary learning aspect of English language, he has tried to search for some software and CALL programs that their focus is on vocabulary. One of the most important parts of language learning and language usage is vocabulary and the ability of using it. English teachers have used so many different ways to teach vocabulary to English learners but they were not much success. Nowadays English teachers usemany English software to teach vocabulary, learning vocabulary in learners is better than far past but seemingly they have not achieved as success as they expected. They use some software like Oxford Picture Dictionary (OPD), Longman Children Picture dictionary,Nosrat English language teaching, demo of some English books and such software that contains language components specially vocabulary learning. Some of such English software were good at the beginning and attracted learners’ satisfaction even sometimes learners thought it was the best software that they could use but it did not last. One of the most important reasons is because the method they (English software) worked onis not like learners’ real life. Foreign language learners need to learn a newlanguage as much as their first language, which refers to acquiring it rather than learning. It means to teach vocabulary to English language learners so that they internalize in their mind and they could apply it. English language learners need to learn English the same way they leant their first language it means they should be completely surrounded by the language they are going to learn not see a translation of words or instructing. In other words, they should be in a natural immersion of language. With regard to above mentioned characteristics of teaching a language, the researcher chose choose an English software that does not have the above mentioned problems. This study is going to examine teaching vocabulary through the Rosetta Stone English software. Due to above mentioned problems of Iranian EFL learners on vocabulary learning, the researcher is going to demonstrate some words and sentences by related pictures. It is considered that the learners can mix both their auditory and visual sense in their mind so that the word would be learned. Other features of this software will explain in detail in following chapters.This research intends to investigate the impact of Rosetta Stone English software vocabulary learning in a way that the learnt material be last for long time like everybody’s first language. Significance of the study The domain of CALL in Iran is in need of moreresearch. To the researcher’s best knowledge, studiesabout computer-based instruction in Iran are not somanyespecially for research through English language learning software.In addition, there is not any research through Rosetta Stone English software at all and this is the first research in this field using this software.In Mazandaran, Mahmoudabad, it is the first time that a CALL research is going to be done on English language learners so it is novel in this major. A few studies about using podcast and the use of CALLinteaching listening and grammar toIranian EFL learners have beenconducted. It is anticipated that this study encourages English language teachers to use computers in languagelearning in general, and in learning English vocabularyin particular. This study also attempts to bridge the gapbetween the theoretical and practical sides of usingCALL in teaching vocabulary. Therefore, the findings of this study may befunctional for different categories of people; it mayhelp EFL curriculum designers and EFL methodologists develop teaching materials that suit various ways ofteaching and match students’ level of achievement inEnglish language in general and in vocabulary in particular. The finding of this research can be helpful for English language teachers whose students have problem with learning vocabulary and are bored by learning English vocabulary in traditional ways. Moreover, this study may helpEnglish teachersby facilitating their role as well as students byhelping them absorb and apply Englishvocabulary itemsquite easily and smoothly. There are many English learners who are looking for good English software that couldlearn English by themselves; conducting this research makes familiar the people with this software and its abilities.Even some English teachers do not know such software; it is hope that reading this thesis will familiarize t hem with the software.Finally, this study mayencourage other researchers to conduct further studieson the same topic, or maybe on other skills or sub skills of English, which will enrich both the local andinternational literature. Research question and hypothesis This study is going to answer these questions: Does Rosetta Stone English software have any statistically significant impact on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning? Does Rosetta Stone English software have any statistically significant impact on Iranian EFL learners’ delay[E4] recall? This study will focus on the following null hypotheses: Rosetta Stone English software has no statistically significant impact on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. Rosetta Stone English software has no statistically significant impact on Iranian EFL learners’ long-term [E5]recall of vocabulary items. Definition of key terms Computer-assisted language learning (CALL): It is succinctly defined in a seminal work by Levy (1997) as the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning. CALL embraces a wide range of Information and communications technology applications and approaches to teaching and learning foreign languages, from the traditional drill-and-practice programs that characterized CALL in the 1960s and 1970s to more recent manifestations of CALL. Here by CALL it means using some software and CDs that learners use to strengthen their vocabulary skill and sometimes using some software such as English Rosetta Stone for practicing English vocabularies. Rosetta Stone English software: It is proprietary CALL software published by Rosetta Stone Inc. The software uses images, text, sound, and video to teach words and grammar by spaced repetition, without translation. Rosetta Stone calls their approach Dynamic Immersion (a term which they have trademarked). Information and Communication Technology (ICT): It is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. In this study by ICT it means the ways and activities that are related to language learning and activities that learners can do by ICT as their language learning processes. Educational Technology (ET): According to Richards and Schmidt (2010), it is 1. The use of machines and educational equipment of different stores (e.g. language and labrotaries, tape recorder, video, etc.) to assist teachers and learners. 2. A system of instruction which contains (a) an analysis of what learners need to know and be able to do (b) a description of these needs as behavioral objectives. According to Richey (2008), sometimes termed EdTech, is the study and ethical practice of facilitating e-learning, which is the learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources. Delimitations of the study This study has the following limitations: This study limits its scope on lower intermediate institutes vocabulary learning. Therefore, other skills and sub skills are not concern of this study. This study will be done on Mahmoudabad lower intermediate institutes learners with their own ecological and cultural characteristics, so learners in other cities and provinces with different levels are not included. This research will study on both genders, so others researchers can limits their study on just one gender. [E1]Source? [E2]As you see in this page, you need a thorough proofreading of your thesis. I did it only for page 1. You continue with the rest. [E3]rewrite [E4]does not match hypothesis 2 [E5] does not match question 2

Do not rock the boat! Essay

Everybody has there own prospective on what a best friend is, from someone that makes them laugh, to simply somebody that just listens to their problems. In my eyes a best friend is a real friend, someone you can count on, someone that is always there for you when you need them the most. And that makes them a best friend in my book. Trying to find one is a different story. I have had my fair share of bad friendships they had me fooled that they were always there for me when all they had were bad intentions. At that point I had given up on the idea that there was someone in this world that I can trust, somebody that I can be myself around. Was I asking for too much? That all changed on September 11, 2010 at Kearny high school, in Ms. Cooks first period English class. It was quite a small room so it was very noticeable when someone walked thru those blue doors into the crowded room. One by one, I studied each new fresh faces walking into the class.Each facial expression sharing a nervo us, curios, but exiting look. About twenty minutes after the late bell rang (that girl was always late to everything) a dark skinned, Indian looking, Mexican about 6’2 in height walked into the classroom. Her long wavy jet-black hair caught my attention first, then her bright brown oval eyes, thick bone structure, and her big bright blue Jansport backpack she was caring in her right hand. I have not seen a backpack that large since fifth grade and for a second, I thought we where back in Elementary school. To make my description about her more clear she looked like a thicker and taller version of Pocahontas. One of the Disney princesses I grew up watching as a little kid. Her name is Jocelyn Guzman-Diaz, a corny, full of life, girl that just moved from Oregon to San Diego, California to get closer to her father. Spring Break weekend of 2010, at Camp Managuay was the coldest weekend I ever had to endure. Cold rainy days, tree roaring nights, the smell of burning oak roasting in the fire pits, the feel of the ash against your face, and the sound embrassing of all the JROTC cadets tan combat boots crunching the crisp frozen grass to wake up to every morning, in our Camo uniforms. As cold and unpleasant as that sounds, that weekend was the best weekend I have ever had with my best  friend. With tons of and tummy hurting laughter moments we had along the way. Jocelyn and I got selected to go to camp Managuay, a woodsy campsite located about two hours away from Mesa college with our JROTC instructors and about eighty or so cadets. We arrived in a whale looking tour bus. It dropped us off in front of a huge dark green pine tree with blue tent sacks sped out on the dirt. We would stay up till one, two, even three in the morning laying in our cold hard tent cracking jokes knowing we would have to wake up at six o’ clock in the morning. I remember this specific moment where the instructors marched us down to the Managuay Lake to go canoeing. The wide, open enchanting lake felt as if I was in wonderland. We all took turns grabbing a bright yellow banana looking canoe. One by one canoes started plopping in the freezing water. Jocelyn is the most careless person in the world when it comes to following instructions and the first rule she breaks is DO NOT ROCK THE BOAT! She is in her boat singing and swaying her long wavy hair back and fourth. Then all of a sudden she swayed too far to the left and her met the water and the canoe met her head. I broke down In laughter. The more I looked at her the harder I laughed. It felt like I was going have a giggle attack! That moment had our trip. We forgot all about those cold, wintery, nights and the dirty, rough, uneven, tent floors. I chose to write about this day because despite the harsh conditions that we were faced with we made the best of it and had fun with it. We did not care how people were looking at us or how strange they thought we were because we were having the best time.

Prospective Business Man Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2226 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Study Essay Did you like this example? In this given case study, a prospective businessman is highlighted. Through the document suggestion in different sides are presented. Finding sources of finance, effects and choosing a right form have discussed here. This document will be helpful for those who are looking for opening a new business, but dont know about the financing of the business. Hope you guys will be helpful reading this document. Chapter One Identifying the sources of finance available to business. Introduction In a trade there is a variety of sources of finance available. Without having accurate awareness on these, the cost of finance would be needlessly huge. Here we will discover the different sources of finance for John. First of all John should know the initiatives and legal steps to start any forms of business (Task A). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Prospective Business Man Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order 1.1 Business Options Legal Procedures Sole trader- It is with single leadership and the proprietor of the trade takes the full account of profit or loss that gains. It is very simple to begin one, with no such legal limits (in specific); however they are allowed to pay income tax on profits. Problem is that sole traders are more likely to face shortages of capital than any other forms of businesses, sole proprietors are held fully liable to pay their debt either through selling their personal properties etc. Partnerships- the general requirement to begin is with two to twenty compared to sole trader; however profits as well as losses will be shared by the partners. For these, Partnership Act 1890 has been established. Each may also sign the Deed of Agreement. Other than these exceptions to sole-trader they are almost similar (i.e. partners are liable for debts also for the income taxes from the share of their profits etc). Limited Companies- There is mainly two types of limited companies; one is public limited co mpany and is private limited company. These both require Memorandum of Associations and Articles of Associations as from the legislation of Act 1985 (as mended by the companies Act 1989). Government imposes a much higher rate tax (on profits) which is corporation tax. As by now John should have some ideas on the types businesses and some tips on the legal procedures and how to start one. He should now know that the finance can be avail in three terms- short, mid and long term. Hence below his estimates classified according to what type of financial period it requires (short, mid or long term) (Task B) 1.2 Various Financing Term Estimated Requirements Required Terms for Finance Building and fixtures Long term Office Vehicle Mid term Security System Mid term Payroll Expense (year 1) Short term Marketing expense Short/Mid term (can vary) Office Stationary Short term Printing and Publications Short term Table no: A- Shows the terms of finance which are required to satisfy the expenditures (efficiently and effectively). Now as John Caird is planning to begin a business, there, finance cost will also be a big kind of cost like the operational and administrative costs. So there are variety sources of finances and as a business man, he should know these sources fall under which category, debt or equity. Hence below some of the sources are classified according to debt or equity category (Task C). 1.3 Debt Equity Financing Debt- these are cost where interest forms of payment is paid for instance- Bank Loan, Trade Credit, Hire-Purchase, Mortgage Loan, Leasing, and Bonds Debentures (from the given information). Equity- these cost are paid from the part of profit or income for instance-Invoice Factoring, Share Capital and Retained Earnings (from the given information). Conclusion- Some different sources of finances are recognized particularly in this chapter; also they fall under which categories. We also learnt in what terms (short, mid or long term these sources of finances are categorized into. The most important point of this chapter is that not all the sources of finance are used to pay all kinds of expenditures. Without knowing this properly, the finance cost will be unnecessarily much higher Chapter Two Assess the implications of different sources of finance. Introduction Previously from this chapter we have learnt some different sources of finance. Like about bonds, leasing, bank loans etc, which are usually available in the business. Different sources of finance have different implications. Each are different from one another. As they are so ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ each has their own advantages and disadvantages over the other, hence it is up to the business to choose and select what type and sources of finances they require. As we go ahead we will see some various sources of finance as suggested to John Caird. As suggested by Sandy in the case, to take the leasing contract for buying the building and fixtures instead of buying it at one shot. Therefore the risks and other implications of leasing are discussed (below) (Task D). 2.1 Leasing Risk Implications First of all, the leasing is generally provided by the finance houses or particularly specialized leasing companies. This leasing is a kind of borrowing instead of acquiring an asset. From this John can save a huge amount of money, and instead he will only have to pay a monthly or an annual fee. This will also reduce the burden of maintenance cost will be greatly can enjoy the tax advantages. From this perspective leasing is actually cheaper than direct purchase. By this John will have the flexibility to change and take better product instead of holding the leasing one when the leasing period expires. However certain risks also involves kind such leasing. As there is no ownership of property; as a result the leasing company has the right to switch the contract to another party- when the leasing period is over. If the asset is to be used for a very long period of time like the building and fixtures, then my personal opinion will be not for the leasing but rather going for a long term bank loan. Though leasing is much better for shorter or lesser durable assets like security systems etc, however even building and fixtures it is also good. Now John wants to know and distinguish between the usage and implications of factoring and discounting. How they are been used is explained below (Task E). 2.2 Invoice Factoring Discounting Costs Risks Factoring is taken when there is a huge amount of sales is done on credit. Then the company mainly faces a money shortage (i.e. short of working capital) and so it falls under debt by its current liabilities ex- creditors, bank interests etc. so to avoid such circumstances the company sells its debt to a financial factor (ex: commercial bank) and gets the money instantly with less service and interest charge. Through this the company can pay out its liabilities and can buy more stocks to run the business. A copy invoice is sent to the factoring company. When it receives the invoice, the factoring company will pay 80% of the invoice value to the selling company immediately. Discounting is quite different. As by this process he will be able to collect money from the debtors at a much faster, pace than usual. Through these debtors will be more willing to pay it earlier, than without this discounting because earlier they will pay it they will be able to enjoy higher discounts. Th is system is also comparatively much cheaper than the previous proposal and it is particularly helpful in reducing the bad debt. Practicing this system requires hiring more employees, which is a more troublesome issue. Further more when there is a question of quality and safety standard then, invoice factoring is the better option. As such finance houses are much more specialized in dealing of taking such issues. From the case we could see Sally pointing out importance of the trade credit (Task F is discussed). 2.3 Trade Credit In running a business this source is one of the most frequently used and it is also one of the most useful sources of finance. This is to done for trying to find ways to delay payments to suppliers. As this allows the buyer on credit to pay on a later dates than paying it immediately, hence it is also an informal way borrowing where paper work is not mandatory while acquiring the bank loan. The main advantage of this is in its fastness to acquire. However the paying period of this is much shorter than the bank loans and its costs are relatively higher too. So from trade credit John buy several things such as security system, office stationary, printing and publications. (Task G is discussed below) 2.4 Stocks and Bonds Now John wants to issue share capital and bonds/debenture to raise more capital for his business. He should know that not all forms of business can issue share capital or raise funds from bonds and debentures. For this in particular, only public limited company is able to all these. There is also a much higher complexity level of forming such business. As lot of paper works and regulations are needed to be maintained. For this Associations of Memorandum and Articles of Associations from the legislation of 1985 Act is to be followed thoroughly. There is a big difference between the share capital and with bonds and debentures. As one falls under equity and another on debt and so theirs risks and costs varies. It is shown in the table- Issuing Shares Bonds/Debentures Type of Finance Equity Debt Cost High Relatively much lower Risk Low or no risks High Table no: B- Comparison of Bond and Debentures with Share Capital. Generally it is wiser to issue share in times of low profitability and issue more bonds or debenture in times of higher profitability. Conclusion From this chapter some of the most basic, important and useful implication of finance were noticed. How they were used and with their usefulness and also some drawbacks were realized. As in this case various sources of finance like leasing, discounting, factoring, shares and debentures, their implications were Chapter Three Select appropriate sources of finance for a business project Introduction Here we will see and discuss some issues about how they affect the business and in its performance. Here the implications will go more in depth. Now we could see that John is interested in sole-proprietorship business. From the available sources of finance suggestions are made according to the requirement of John to start his business (Task H). 3.1 A Recommendation of Sources of Finance Building and Fixtures- Better to obtain on mortgage loan, by this he can have a full and permanent ownership of the property. Office Vehicle- In general it is wiser to buy on mid term loan, as means of paying it by instalments. Security System- It is better to take it on lease than any other forms like hire-purchase. It is because in each and every year new and better security systems are arriving Payroll Expense- For this one short term bank loan or personal savings can be used Marketing Expenses- Short term bank loan will be particularly good for this. Office Stationary- Buying on hire purchase can be a good one, as by buying on credit he can use the product immediately. Printing and Publications- It can be managed through trade credit, as it can be easily payable during the business years. As John finally got settled by being a sole-trader, he is still very much curious on the financial statements of different public limited company and among which he mostly got attracted on the statements of Cairn Energy. Now to clear some of his confusions, these followings are given below (Task I). 3.2 Identifying Probable Sources of Finance through Investigating Balance Sheets Cairn Energy stated that their Property, Plant Equipment- Development/Producing Assets has increased from $1,119.6m in 2008 to $1,828.6m. In fact their claim is proven to be true, as it can be seen from the balance sheet that their long term liabilities and capital has increased. For instance their loans and borrowings, retained earnings and share premium have increased significantly. Now there are other things which John likes to know from public limited company, that are- Deferred tax liability- This is the tax liability which can be shifted to the next year from the current year. Called up share capital- It is  [1]  the money required to be paid by the share holders immediately. Share premium- It is the value which is set above the face value (-the increased amount). John Caird now goes to further investigations as he has found diluted EPS, in the income statement part (Task J explained below). 3.3 An Introduction to Basic Cost of Corporate Finance EPS stands for Earnings per share. This is the income distributed to the shareholders, according to the number of shares they possess and dilution occurs, when the number of share increases the earnings per share and dividend per share also declines. Hence diluted EPS stands for, when EPS declines due to the result of dilution. Cairns long term cost of debt finance is approx $781.8m. However from the overall Cairns business performance, it is not so satisfactory. Conclusions From the overall perspective some of the important implications of finance were noticed, also on how they affect they affect the businesses. Further more by this John Caird hopefully will now have sufficient knowledge on running the business and managing the financial decisions.

How web-bonding is powerful as physical bonding Free Essay Example, 1500 words

This was the same pattern during the Civil Rights Movement when the blacks were agitating for equal rights and acquired enough mass to effect change in the social and political arena as well as in the economic sphere, to be free from any racial discrimination. In the same way, this had been the route taken by the womens liberation movement (feminism) in which gender discrimination has been essentially abolished, resulting into equal pay for equal work. There are many similar movements or advocacies which sought to accomplish some ends and which were eventually successful to some extent, such as equal rights for gays and lesbians or movements to save the environment like what was started by the late Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Wangari Maathai (1940-2011) in Kenya, which became a worldwide phenomenon under the banner of the Greenbelt Movement and still continues strong today for its advocacies. The so-called Arab Spring, which is a revolutionary movement in the Arab world, is a similar event which consisted of demonstrations, civil uprisings, street protests and in some cases, resulting into full-fledged civil wars. We will write a custom essay sample on How web-bonding is powerful as physical bonding or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It began as a peaceful protest to seek government reforms against totalitarian or oppressive governments under either a monarchy or a dictator, to effect changes in the political, economic, social or even religious lives of the citizens. People power revolutions are usually spontaneous political events which eventually snowball into a mass movement that acquire a critical mass of people, which the police and military of the government can no longer handle due to the sheer number of people it gets involved in. This big number overwhelms the capacity of state institutions to handle protests peacefully and then usually turns violent, which in turn further angers more people to join the movement. This was the case in the Philippines, although it was a peaceful revolution, in which no lives were lost and which was copied elsewhere, primarily in the Eastern and Central Europe countries, which overthrew their oppressive communist governments. This was known as the Velvet Revolution as it was also non-violent; it caused the downfall of the former USSR, or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and effectively ended the Cold War. Previously, political protests were just by a few people. This is because the people in these protests had a hard time disseminating their ideas and advocacies; very few people had heard of what they aimed to achieve. Before the advent of social media networks, it was quite easy for the government authorities to control these crowds and arrest protesters, and movements of people were likewise restricted to contain the protests from further flaring up.